What happens to excess water-soluble vitamins in the body?

Excess water-soluble vitamins are primarily excreted through urine, which is why the given answer is correct. Water-soluble vitamins, such as the B vitamins and vitamin C, dissolve in water and are not stored in the body like fat-soluble vitamins are. Instead, any surplus that the body does not need is typically eliminated through the kidneys, leading to loss through urination. This characteristic means that the risk of toxicity from water-soluble vitamins is lower compared to fat-soluble vitamins, which can accumulate in the body’s tissues over time.

The other processes mentioned, such as storage in the liver or accumulation in fatty tissues, are more relevant to fat-soluble vitamins, which can be stored for longer periods and used by the body as needed. Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, can pose a risk of toxicity if taken in excessive amounts, unlike their water-soluble counterparts. Therefore, understanding the excretion process of water-soluble vitamins is crucial for managing dietary intake and minimizing the risk of deficiencies or overdoses.