What does the term "net carbs" refer to?

The term "net carbs" is commonly understood in nutritional contexts as the total carbohydrates in a food item minus specific components that do not significantly impact blood sugar levels, primarily dietary fiber and certain sugar alcohols. This approach is particularly popular among individuals following low-carbohydrate diets, as it allows them to focus on the carbohydrates that are likely to affect their blood sugar and insulin levels.

Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body does not fully digest, meaning it does not contribute to calorie intake or raise blood sugar levels. Certain sugar alcohols are also used as sweeteners and can have a negligible effect on blood glucose. Therefore, these components are often subtracted from the total carbohydrate count to provide a more accurate representation of carbohydrates that can impact metabolism and energy levels.

The other options incorrectly define "net carbs" in ways that are not commonly recognized in nutritional literature. For instance, subtracting total calories or including protein and fat does not align with the standard definition of net carbs. Instead, the focus is specifically on the carbohydrates the body absorbs and utilizes.